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Personal retirement report · Full sample · Prepared September 2026

Linda and Mark: is a winter home in Florida worth it?

Linda and Mark live on a lake in Crow Wing County, Minnesota, near Brainerd. Mark, 68, retired from the county highway department with a pension; Linda, 66, sold her dental hygiene practice share last year. Both have started Social Security.

Their friends winter in Fort Myers and keep asking them to join. They've found a $300,000 condo in Lee County they could pay for in cash, and they'd rent it out through the summer.

Can we afford two homes, and does it matter which one is "home"?

They chose every place and plan, and entered their own numbers. This report compares them in detail. It doesn't tell them which to pick.

Minnesota only

Stay in Minnesota year-round

No second home

compared with

Two homes, MN

Add the condo, Minnesota stays home

Minnesota stays their legal home

compared with

Two homes, FL

Add the condo, Florida becomes home

Florida becomes their legal home, 183+ days there

1

At a glance

Total costs in 2026, with taxes

Minnesota only$97,172
Two homes, MN$127,428
Two homes, FL$127,844

Savings at 85, today's dollars

Minnesota only$1.31M
Two homes, MN$490k
Two homes, FL$492k

Net worth at 85, today's dollars

Minnesota only$1.68M
Two homes, MN$863k
Two homes, FL$865k

Savings at 95, today's dollars

Minnesota only$1.14M
Two homes, MN$96k
Two homes, FLGone by 95

Add the condo, Minnesota stays home: $30,300 more in 2026 than staying in Minnesota year-round, with savings at 85 of $490k. Add the condo, Florida becomes home: $30,700 more in 2026 than staying in Minnesota year-round, with savings at 85 of $492k. Stay in Minnesota year-round: savings at 85 of $1.31M.

Savings in each plan, today's dollars

Savings in each plan, today's dollars, by age$0k$400k$800k$1.2M$1.6M708090$1.14M$96kgone 95
Stay in Minnesota year-roundAdd the condo, Minnesota stays homeAdd the condo, Florida becomes home
2

What they entered

Household

Ages today
Linda 66, Mark 68
Retirement savings
$1,250,000
Plan through
Linda's age 95

Income

Mark's pension, no raises
$30,000 a year
Pension if Mark dies first
50% to Linda
Social Security, already claimed
$54,000 a year combined
Summer condo rental, net of management
$4,500 a year

Homes

Lake home, paid off
$340,000
Lee County condo, cash
$300,000 plus $9,000 closing
Insurance, their quotes
$2,600 lake · $4,800 condo
Sell the condo at
Linda's age 85

Spending

Everyday spending
$72,000 a year
Condo association fees
$6,000 a year
Utilities in the empty home
$2,400 a year
Travel between homes
$3,000 a year

Health coverage, their quotes

Medigap G plus Part D, each
$2,700 MN · $3,900 FL
Out-of-pocket care, each
$1,500 a year

Assumptions

Investment return
5% a year
Inflation · healthcare · insurance
2.5% · 5% · 4%
Home value growth
3% a year

Figures described as their quotes are what they entered. Everyday prices are held equal across places because no reliable county-level source exists.

3

Year one, line by line

The first year, 2026, in every plan. Taxes depend on withdrawals and withdrawals depend on taxes, so the report solves both together.

Minnesota onlyTwo homes, MNTwo homes, FL
Income
Social Security$52,480$52,480$52,480
Pensions$30,000$30,000$30,000
Rental income, net$4,500$4,500
Withdrawals from savings$14,692$40,448$40,864
Housing
Property tax$2,686$5,806$6,774
Homeowners insurance$2,600$7,400$7,400
Upkeep$3,400$6,400$6,400
Healthcare
Medicare, Medigap and Part D$10,270$10,270$12,670
Out-of-pocket care$3,000$3,000$3,000
Taxes
Federal income tax$2,634$8,151$8,201
State income tax$583$3,002
Everything else
Everyday spending$72,000$72,000$72,000
Condo association fees$6,000$6,000
Utilities in the empty home$2,400$2,400
Travel between homes$3,000$3,000
Total costs, with taxes$97,172$127,428$127,844
4

Moves and planned changes

Stay in Minnesota year-round

No move at the start

Add the condo, Minnesota stays home

Condo purchase−$300,000
Closing costs−$9,000
Net change to savings at the start−$309,000
At Linda's age 85Sell the condo

Add the condo, Florida becomes home

Condo purchase−$300,000
Closing costs−$9,000
Net change to savings at the start−$309,000
At Linda's age 85Sell the condo
5

Savings and net worth

Savings alone can flatter a plan that turns a house into cash, or hide one that turns cash into a house or an RV. Net worth adds home and RV values.

Net worth in each plan, today's dollars, by age$0k$500k$1M$1.5M$2M708090$1.53M$487k$432k
Stay in Minnesota year-roundAdd the condo, Minnesota stays homeAdd the condo, Florida becomes home

Net worth at 85, in today's dollars: minnesota only $1.68M, two homes, mn $863k, two homes, fl $865k. Home and RV values are counted at full value, before selling costs.

6

Social Security

Benefits already started

Linda claimed at 66: $21,280 a yearMark claimed at 67: $31,200 a yearBenefits rise with inflation. Up to 85% can be federally taxable; in 2026 the taxable share is minnesota only 55%, two homes, mn 85%, two homes, fl 85%.

If Mark dies first

Linda would keep the larger benefit. Mark's is $31,200 a year in today's dollars at claiming age 67, versus Linda's own $21,280. The stress tests chapter shows Mark dying at 80.

7

Taxes in dollars

Federal, state and local income tax for the first 15 years, side by side.

Federal, state and local income tax by year for each plan$0k$5k$10k$15k$20k$25k6669727578
FederalStateCounty or localBars in each year follow the plans in order: Minnesota only, Two homes, MN, Two homes, FL

Values marked Sample haven't been verified against an official source for 2026 yet. They are placeholders for this sample, not published rates.

LayerMinnesota is homeFlorida is home
State tax on pension, withdrawals and rentMinnesota brackets from 5.35%None
State tax on Social SecurityFully subtracted below $110,780 of joint incomeNone
Lake home property taxHomestead, 0.79%Non-homestead, estimated 1.26%Sample
Condo property taxNon-homestead, estimated 1.04%SampleHomestead exemption, 0.83%
Proving residencyFiles as Minnesota residentMust show Florida domicile; Minnesota can audit days and ties
Estate taxMinnesota, above $3 millionNone in Florida

Medicare income surcharge headroom

Income that sets Medicare Part B and D surcharges, against the first threshold for married couples (dashed). A surviving spouse filing single reaches a threshold half as high.

Income that sets Medicare surcharges, today's dollars, by age$0k$60k$120k$180k$240k708090Two homes, FLMinnesota onlyTwo homes, MN
Stay in Minnesota year-roundAdd the condo, Minnesota stays homeAdd the condo, Florida becomes home
8

Healthcare

Marketplace coverage before 65, then Medicare Part B at $202.90 a month in 2026 plus the Medigap and Part D quotes they entered, and out-of-pocket care.

Healthcare costs by year for each plan$0k$10k$20k$30k$40k6669727578
MarketplaceMedicare, Medigap, Part DOut of pocketBars follow the plans in order
9

Homes

Property tax, insurance and upkeep on every home they own, plus RV costs where they apply, in today's dollars.

Home and RV costs in each plan, today's dollars, by age$0k$10k$20k$30k$40k708090Two homes, FLMinnesota onlyTwo homes, MN
Stay in Minnesota year-roundAdd the condo, Minnesota stays homeAdd the condo, Florida becomes home
Crow Wing County, MNLee County, FL
County median home value$274,400$326,300
County median property tax$2,161$2,699
Effective rate used0.79%0.83%
Non-homestead rate used1.26%Sample1.04%Sample

County medians: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2019–2023 5-year estimates, Tables B25103 and B25077.

10

Hazards and hospitals

Natural hazards

Crow Wing County, MNLee County, FL
Expected building loss per $100,000 a year$123.51$282.86
Largest hazardsInland flooding, TornadoHurricane, Inland flooding
FEMA overall risk ratingRelatively lowRelatively high

Source: FEMA National Risk Index (December 2025).

Hospitals

Crow Wing County, MNLee County, FL
Hospitals with an emergency department24
Critical access hospitals among them10
Highest CMS overall star rating3 of 55 of 5

Medicare-certified acute care, critical access and rural emergency hospitals that report emergency services. VA and Department of Defense hospitals are excluded. Source: CMS Hospital General Information, released August 2026.

11

Which home is "home"

Changing legal residence to Florida removes Minnesota income tax, but it moves the homestead break from the lake home to the condo and changes their Medigap market. For Linda and Mark, the first year costs $400 more with Florida as home.

First yearMN is homeFL is homeDifference
Minnesota income tax$3,002$0−$3,002
Property tax, both homes$5,806$6,774+$968
Medicare, Medigap and Part D$10,270$12,670+$2,400
Total costs, including taxes$127,428$127,844+$416

The 183-day calendar

December through April in Fort Myers is about 150 days, which leaves more than 183 in Minnesota. Minnesota can treat people with a home there who spend 183 days or more in the state as residents, whatever their paperwork says. Florida as home would need a longer Florida season, plus a Florida driver's license, voter registration and declaration of domicile.

Rental income

The $4,500 a year of net summer rent is taxable. It's counted in federal tax, in Minnesota tax when Minnesota is home, and in the income that sets Medicare surcharges.

12

Selling the condo later

Their plan: sell at 85

Linda and Mark entered selling the condo when Linda is 85, with 7% in selling costs. The sale adds cash back to savings, and association fees, utilities and travel stop. The savings chart shows the jump at 85.

13

Stress tests

The same comparison when things go worse than planned. Each panel changes one thing.

As planned

5% returns every year, 2.5% inflation.

Savings by age: As planned$0k$400k$800k$1.2M$1.6M708090
Minnesota only: at 85 $1.31M, at 95 $1.14MTwo homes, MN: at 85 $490k, at 95 $96kTwo homes, FL: at 85 $492k, at 95 gone by 95

A bad start in the market

−12%, +2% and −6% in the first three years, then 5%.

Savings by age: A bad start in the market$0k$400k$800k$1.2M$1.6M708090
Minnesota only: at 85 $784k, at 95 $470kTwo homes, MN: at 85 gone by 82, at 95 gone by 82Two homes, FL: at 85 gone by 82, at 95 gone by 82

Higher inflation

4% inflation for 10 years, then 2.5%.

Savings by age: Higher inflation$0k$400k$800k$1.2M$1.6M708090
Minnesota only: at 85 $1.08M, at 95 $888kTwo homes, MN: at 85 $364k, at 95 gone by 94Two homes, FL: at 85 $357k, at 95 gone by 93

Mark dies at 80

Linda keeps the larger Social Security benefit and any pension survivor share; spending falls to 70% and taxes are filed as single.

Savings by age: Mark dies at 80$0k$400k$800k$1.2M$1.6M708090
Minnesota only: at 85 $1.36M, at 95 $1.35MTwo homes, MN: at 85 $516k, at 95 $267kTwo homes, FL: at 85 $531k, at 95 $249k
14

What would change the comparison

How much the gap in net worth at Linda's age 85 between Add the condo, Minnesota stays home and Stay in Minnesota year-round moves when one input changes. Today's dollars.

Investment return
3%: +$315k7%: −$356k
Summer rent, net
$0: −$110k$9k: +$110k
Association fees
$4k: +$67k$10k: −$134k
Condo insurance
$3.6k: +$46k$8k: −$122k
Everyday spending
$82k: +$131k
Condo price
$250k: +$64k$350k: −$62k
Home value growth
1.5%: −$49k4.5%: +$66k
Lower value of the inputHigher value of the input

At the inputs they entered, net worth at 85 is $818k lower with two homes, mn than with minnesota only. Bars to the right make that number larger; bars to the left make it smaller.

15

What to check before deciding

  • Condo association finances. Ask for the reserve study, recent special assessments and the insurance renewal history. Florida condo rules tightened after 2022.
  • Condo insurance and flood. Their quote may exclude flood. Lee County's hurricane rating is very high.
  • Minnesota residency. Review Minnesota's residency guidance before changing domicile; days are only one factor.
  • Lake home classification. Ask the Crow Wing County assessor how the home is classified if Florida becomes home.
  • Medicare in two states. Original Medicare with Medigap works in both; Medicare Advantage networks usually don't.
  • Rental rules. Check the association's minimum lease terms and Lee County's tourist development tax.
  • Estate planning. Two states can mean two probate processes; ask about titling.
16

Year by year

Nominal dollars. Withdrawals are taken at the start of each year. A warning sign marks years when savings can't cover the withdrawal.

YearLinda / MarkStart savingsSocial SecurityPension + rentWithdrawalHousingHealthcareFederal taxState + localOther spendingHome valueEvents
202666 / 68$1,250,000$52,480$30,000$14,692$8,686$13,270$2,634$583$72,000$340,000
202767 / 69$1,297,073$53,792$30,000$16,543$8,973$13,933$2,993$637$73,800$350,200
202868 / 70$1,344,556$55,137$30,000$18,467$9,269$14,630$3,367$693$75,645$360,706
202969 / 71$1,392,394$56,515$30,000$22,453$9,575$15,361$5,637$859$77,536$371,527
203070 / 72$1,438,438$57,928$30,000$24,531$9,891$16,129$6,042$921$79,475$382,673
203171 / 73$1,484,602$59,376$30,000$26,691$10,219$16,936$6,465$987$81,461$394,153
203272 / 74$1,530,807$60,861$30,000$28,937$10,557$17,783$6,904$1,056$83,498$405,978
203373 / 75$1,576,963$62,382$30,000$31,272$10,906$18,672$7,363$1,129$85,585$418,157
203474 / 76$1,622,976$63,942$30,000$33,701$11,268$19,605$7,840$1,205$87,725$430,702
203575 / 77$1,668,738$65,540$30,000$36,227$11,641$20,586$8,337$1,285$89,918$443,623
203676 / 78$1,714,137$67,179$30,000$38,854$12,028$21,615$8,856$1,369$92,166$456,932
203777 / 79$1,759,047$68,858$30,000$41,561$12,427$22,696$9,371$1,456$94,470$470,640
203878 / 80$1,803,360$70,580$30,000$44,160$12,840$23,830$9,702$1,536$96,832$484,759
203979 / 81$1,847,160$72,344$30,000$46,863$13,267$25,022$10,046$1,619$99,253$499,301
204080 / 82$1,890,312$74,153$30,000$49,674$13,708$26,273$10,404$1,707$101,734$514,281
204181 / 83$1,932,670$76,007$30,000$52,598$14,164$27,587$10,776$1,800$104,277$529,709
204282 / 84$1,974,076$77,907$30,000$55,640$14,636$28,966$11,163$1,897$106,884$545,600
204383 / 85$2,014,359$79,855$30,000$58,804$15,124$30,414$11,565$1,999$109,557$561,968
204484 / 86$2,053,332$81,851$30,000$62,097$15,628$31,935$11,983$2,107$112,295$578,827
204585 / 87$2,090,797$83,897$30,000$65,524$16,150$33,532$12,417$2,220$115,103$596,192
204686 / 88$2,126,537$85,995$30,000$69,090$16,689$35,208$12,869$2,338$117,980$614,078
204787 / 89$2,160,319$88,144$30,000$72,802$17,247$36,969$13,339$2,463$120,930$632,500
204888 / 90$2,191,893$90,348$30,000$76,666$17,823$38,817$13,828$2,594$123,953$651,475
204989 / 91$2,220,987$92,607$30,000$80,690$18,420$40,758$14,336$2,731$127,052$671,019
205090 / 92$2,247,313$94,922$30,000$84,879$19,036$42,796$14,865$2,875$130,228$691,150
205191 / 93$2,270,556$97,295$30,000$89,241$19,674$44,936$15,416$3,027$133,484$711,884
205292 / 94$2,290,381$99,727$30,000$93,784$20,333$47,182$15,988$3,186$136,821$733,241
205393 / 95$2,306,426$102,221$30,000$98,516$21,016$49,541$16,585$3,353$140,242$755,238
205494 / 96$2,318,306$104,776$30,000$104,022$21,721$52,019$17,274$4,036$143,748$777,895
205595 / 97$2,324,998$107,395$30,000$109,172$22,451$54,619$17,922$4,234$147,341$801,232
17

Methods and sources

How the numbers are built

  • One row per year from 2026 until Linda is 95.
  • Each year: costs, then the withdrawal needed after Social Security, pensions and rent, then taxes on that withdrawal, solved together.
  • Federal tax uses 2026 brackets and standard deductions indexed to inflation, the additional deduction at 65, and the $6,000 senior deduction through 2028.
  • Taxable Social Security uses the federal provisional-income formula; claiming adjustments follow the SSA formula for full retirement age 67.
  • Medicare income surcharges use income from two years earlier.
  • Property tax is home value times the effective rate shown; RVs lose value at the rate they entered.
  • A survivor keeps the larger Social Security benefit, the pension survivor share, 70% of spending, and files single.

Sources

  • IRS: 2026 tax brackets, standard deduction, additional deduction at 65 and senior deduction.
  • CMS: 2026 Medicare Part B premium and income-related adjustments.
  • Social Security Administration: benefit adjustment formula.
  • State revenue departments, for the state rules in chapter 7.
  • U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2019–2023 5-year estimates, Tables B25103 and B25077.
  • FEMA National Risk Index (December 2025).
  • CMS Hospital General Information, released August 2026.
Every tax parameter, its source and whether it's verified (36 of 39 verified, config 2026.2)
ParameterStatusOfficial source
federal · brackets jointVerified 2026-09-16www.irs.gov
federal · brackets singleVerified 2026-09-16www.irs.gov
federal · standard deduction jointVerified 2026-09-16www.irs.gov
federal · standard deduction singleVerified 2026-09-16www.irs.gov
federal · additional 65marriedVerified 2026-09-16www.irs.gov
federal · additional 65singleVerified 2026-09-16www.irs.gov
federal · senior deductionVerified 2026-09-16uscode.house.gov
federal · social security taxationVerified 2026-09-16uscode.house.gov
social security · claimingVerified 2026-09-16www.ssa.gov
medicare · part bmonthlyVerified 2026-09-16www.cms.gov
medicare · irmaaVerified 2026-09-16www.cms.gov
medicare · lookback yearsVerified 2026-09-16secure.ssa.gov
il · retirement income exemptVerified 2026-09-16tax.illinois.gov
in · rateVerified 2026-09-16www.in.gov
in · exemption per personVerified 2026-09-16www.in.gov
in · exemption 65Verified 2026-09-16www.in.gov
in · allen county rateVerified 2026-09-16www.in.gov
mn · brackets jointVerified 2026-09-16www.revenue.state.mn.us
mn · brackets singleVerified 2026-09-16www.revenue.state.mn.us
mn · standard deduction jointVerified 2026-09-16www.revenue.state.mn.us
mn · standard deduction singleVerified 2026-09-16www.revenue.state.mn.us
mn · additional 65marriedVerified 2026-09-16www.revenue.state.mn.us
mn · additional 65singleVerified 2026-09-16www.revenue.state.mn.us
mn · social security subtractionVerified 2026-09-16www.revenue.state.mn.us
oh · base taxVerified 2026-09-16codes.ohio.gov
oh · flat rateVerified 2026-09-16codes.ohio.gov
oh · zero bracket topVerified 2026-09-16codes.ohio.gov
fl · no income taxVerified 2026-09-16www.flsenate.gov
tx · no income taxVerified 2026-09-16statutes.capitol.texas.gov
il sales taxVerified 2026-09-16tax.illinois.gov
il estate exclusionVerified 2026-09-16www.ilga.gov
in sales taxVerified 2026-09-16www.in.gov
in homestead capVerified 2026-09-16www.in.gov
mn estate exclusionVerified 2026-09-16www.revisor.mn.gov
tx motor vehicle taxVerified 2026-09-16statutes.capitol.texas.gov
oh municipal retirement exemptVerified 2026-09-16codes.ohio.gov
oh rv sales tax at county rateSampletax.ohio.gov
mn non homestead lakeSamplewww.revenue.state.mn.us
mn non homestead condoSamplewww.revenue.state.mn.us

This report compares the places and plans Linda and Mark entered. It doesn't recommend a place, a plan, a claiming age or an investment, and it isn't financial, tax or legal advice. The household is fictional.

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